Pawl and ratchet



E. D. CUMMINGS.

, PAWL AND'RATCHET. APPLICATION FILED AUG-31, 1920.

Patented Apr. 4, 1922.

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,v E. 0. cu MmesL PAWL AND RATCHET.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-31, 1920- 1,412,013. Patented Apr. 4, 1922.

| 2 SHEETS SHEET 2- I MT 1m" s ELMEB D. committees, on WASHINGTON; nisrrniorn osjoo nM BIA.

; PAWL AND MRATCHET.

7 is pecificetionof Letters Peteiit 7 Application filed A igust 31,1926. S rial K044071265.

v- Fl nn imnnnimsnci on {MARCH @1883, 22 STAT;,'I;.,V625.V)

T a'ZZ whom it may concern? Be it known that I, ELMERD. GnMi IINs s,

a citizen of the.Unitedistates stationed at Washington,.District of Columbia, have invented an Improvement in a Pawl and Ratchet, of w hiohthefollowing-is a 'speeifi cation. 7

-' The invention desci ibediherein Em'ay te used by the Govrnment,. or anyeof its 0thcers'or employees inprosecution ofwork fer-1 the Government,- or by any other person 1 1n n the United States, vithontpayment of any royalty thereon; t, V 7-: m I f i The subject of; this" invention: is a; pawl and ratchet 'construotedfand designed 'esp'ef cially for use with hoisting mechanisms for conveying explosive-shells; or thelhke, from a lower toa highei flevel .'OI' vice v'ersa. 1

In a hoisting mechanism of this character it is. desirable and'indeed-"necesstry that the conveyor be capable of nionenient ineither direction softhatithe projectiles" may be i raised or loweredja Reverse} "movement of the holsting'mechanism' s esp ecially'needful to' permit iloweringend remove-Lot projectiles Which-may be on" the'lnp-fiight of the hoist. when firing ceases and" a further su-pj ply of projectiles becomes' 'iinnecessaryl WVhile .itis" essential that the mechanism be; capable of movement iii-each direction it is also"absolutelynecessary that means be provided for locking 'the mechanism against Y movement in casesome' biealcfishould occur Y the ratchet during' opemtion of'the devi'ce causlng considerable] noise wh ch is uncle-- inlthe power supplying-means thereby l'e leasing the driv'e shaft to; "movement 11nd e1 the weight of projectiles on the-ho'ist \Vithont means for so looking the 'n'rieclie;

stances move inn reverse diretion end'jfthpi-oyeotll'es be thrown w th more or less o lence upon the loading floor *thereby oc'oe' V stoning great dangendne'to"explosionof the:

shells. iThe means -usedto prevent snch reierse movement of the hoisting mechanism" is a. ptI-Wi and ratchet;

- With the usual pim l' and i'at chet sti'n'c ture thefpawl is continually cliokin'g 'oi ei' siriible. r, r t I The present lnvention a ms-to provide a pawl and ratchet structure which will pen mit the proper movements above" set forth butwill prevent eiicking'of the PziWi-oii'eii the ratchet.

' 'VVith'the 'foregoing and other. objects Pate ted Apr. 4'," 1-922,

View, the invention resides in the combine t '7 tion and arrangement iof-iparlt'sendin the details of oonstructioni hereinafter described 1 and claimed,' it "being 'understoodthat 3,0 phanges "1n the api ecise embodiment of the invention'hereingdlsclosed can'be made Withinthe scope ofuiivihatvisliclain edwithout de- V pertinglfron thespiritoflthe invention.

i-P raetical embodiments of the invention are shown in the" accompanying 'dra'wingsfl where1h: i

F ig. 11' is afifmgmentary vieiv' in vertical longitudinalseotion," parts =-in elevation; of a: pawl Land ratchet constructed in accordance withpthe inventiony j o Fig; is ei-vieWin eletatiom 'partly section on the line 2'2, of Fig.1; 5

modified form of the- 'ini ention; ga'iidf of the pawl controlling ringi d I V A' estztndeid' is indicated -by*niun ereil whioh is' pertured to receive a bnjshing fll-l, formed With an: arnnulzti channel-{Z 12;, in its Fig.3 is'asirnil'ar' view showing' tfslightly 7 V F g. 4 isiafi a'gmentary V ew inelevation F s v outer surface, which channel is conlmnni v ozttlon wlth; the central apertureof the bUShf throughfoil'dnctsjene of Which is shown c cha'r ge end" positioned in a duet formed-in the standard,f10,- for the purpose ofsup ply i ing oil to the channel, 1.2,nnd dnctsflifit A" tubular shaft on sleeve; "15, is j onrnziled.

in'th e "bushi-ngjlh'andEteeth, i16 they be 7: 7

The inner o in the end of the s1eeVe 15,"is Ctit iiO fOTmVfi helix,

"19, which is engageable with'fthe] complemental end one c'olhti 20,flivhiheollai is keyed or otheiw'ise .secn 'ed toi thegshiifti lg, to rotate'th'erewith f i Sewrl 0,1 c ambered fth l ze, 15,

was by means of tikey,121,is fa; disk-22' v the enter f te; of which is pi'o'vided with efspira-l lubricant distributing groove;i23; The, disk, 2'2, hesfan"outward1y extending hub, 24:,

upon which is looselymounted ratchet, 2 provided with suitable'oil holes or ducts, 2

A portion of the shaft, 18, adjacent outer end, is threaded to receive a disk,

which engages the outer face of the ratchet wheel, 25, and the disk, 27, may be provided with a socket, 27, to receive a spanner by which the disk is threaded onor oil the shaft.

k through which oil issupplied to the moving parts.

. The extending end, 32,615 the shaft, is, is

reduced and is of angular cross section for thereception of a crank or other power applying element through which movement may be transmitted to the shaft.-

Through means of .a.:pin, 33, which is suitably connected to the standard, 16, a pawl, 34, ispivotally connected in position to engage with the teeth of the ratchet, 25. The

pawl is formed with a weighted arm, 35

which, through theaction of gravity, tends to holdthe pawl in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet and this tendency may be aided by a retractile spring, 36, which is suitably connected between-the pawl and the standard, 10. The pawl is positioned at the aperture formed by the spaced apart ends of the split ring, 30, and is formed with a notch 37, adapted to receive one end, 38, of t-hesplit ring, 30. 1 r l I From the foregoing,it will be seen that, when power is applied throughthe shaft, 18, the helical end of the collar, 19, will, because of the inertia of the sleeve, 15, and its connected parts, move with respect to the complemental end of the sleeve sufficiently to force the sleeve longitudinally of-the shaft and clamp the ratchet, 25, between the disks, 22,.and 27, so that the ratchet will be turned with said disks and the shaft. a

As the ratchet isrotatedpawl, 34,isele vated by the adjacent tooth until its point rests-upon that of said tooth as shown .in Fig. 3. Concomitant with the movement of the pawl, 34, the free end, 38, of ring, 30, which latter is actuated through frictional contact with the peripheries of disks 22v and j 27 is brought into engagement with the edge of notch, 37. As the movement of ring,

The disk is locked to the shaft in any suitable manner, as by means of a key. 28, which may be retained in place by a set.

continues until its free end, 38, completely seated in notch, 37, the pawl is lifted to afford complete clearance of the ratchet.

In this connection it is to be noted that the. notch, 37, must be of a predetermined depth to permit instantaneous releasement of the end, 38, upon reverse rotation of the ratchet, otherwise,action of the pawl is delayed and several of the ratchet teeth permitted to.

pass before the pawl actually becomes oper ative, By the preceeding arrangement the action of the pawl is absolutely silent, and one of the principal objections associated with mechanisms of this character, that is to say,-clicking ofthe pawl as it passes over the ratchet teeth, is eliminated.

Should power be applied throughthe shaft in the reverse direction the helical end offthe collar, 20, moving in the reverse direction with respect to. the complement-a1 end of the sleeve, 15, will release pressure on the sleeveand permit the disk, 22-, to

move inwardly from theratchet whee1,.25, thereby releasing the ratchet wheel- This same movement of the shaft, sleeve and the disks will causea movementof the ring, 30,

in the reverse direction thereby releasing V the pawl. to'iengage'the ratchet and-hold the same stationary, the shaft being free, however, to turn because of the loose mounting of the ratchet,

In case-the power to drive the mechanism 2 in a reverse direction should be transmitted through the weight of material on theup flight ofthe hoist, the sleeve would, become the element through which the power would be transmitted and.,bec'ause of the inertia of the shaft, 18, the helical end of the sleeve would move with Y respect to the comple mental end of, the-* collar, 20, causing the sleeve to clamp theratchet, 25, between the disks, 22, and 27, and carrying the ratchet in a reverse directionwith the; disks. This movement likewise moves the ring, 30, in a reverse direction andcauses it to release the pawl forengagement with the ratchet which will eifectually lock thefmechanism against V.

such reverse motion.

In the modified form, as shown in Figs.

3and 4c, the construction and operation are practically the same as those heretofore described with the exception that the ring, 30

which-encircles the disks is a continuous ring 1 provided with a slot, 40, through which the,

pawl 34?, enters to engagethe teeth ofthe ratchet, 25.

An arm, 38*, is secured by screw bolts or is lifted by the ratchet and the ring is rocked by rotation of the disks.

'A leafspring, 3621mm beconnected to the 7 ring. 30, by the samemeanswhich connects the arm, 38, the spring being interposedbetween the arm and the ring and in position to engage the inner face of the pawl so that, when the ring is moved in the reverse direc tion and the arm releases the pawl, the springwill. force the pawl into engagement with the teeth of the ratchet.

; Having described my'invention what]? claimas new and desire to secure by Let ters Patent, is

In a device of the character described,

the combination with a shaft, a sleeve-loose on the shaft and means to effect longitudinal actuation of the sleeve; through the instrumentality of the shaft thrust; of a rotated in a predetermineddirection.

2 Inv a deviceof the characterdescribed the combination with a shaft, a sleeve loose on the shaft and means to eflect longitudinal actuation of the sleeve through the instrumentality of the shaftthrust; ofa pair of spaceddisks. one being aflixed to the shaft,

the sleeve, a split annulus circumscribing the peripheries of the disks and. rotatabletherebv. 'a pawl mounted for engagement with the ratchet and means in connection with the annulus to hold the pawl from contact with the ratchet when the annulus is rotated in a predetermineddirection.

the combination with a shaft, a sleeve loose onthe shaft and means to effect longitudinal actuation of the sleeve through the instrumentality of the shaftthrusti of a pair of spaced disks. onebcing affixed to theshaft,

the other to the sleeve, a ratchetintermediate the disks and frictionally engageable by the latter upon longitudinal actuation of the s eeve, :1 split annulus circumscribing the peripherics of the disks and rotatable thereby, a pawl mounted to normally engage the ratchet. the pawl and annulus cooperating to enable said pawl tobe held in disengaged relation with respect to the ratchet when the annulus is rotated in a predetermined direction.

4. In a device ofvthe character described, the combination with a shaft, a sleeve loose on the shaft and means to effect longitudinal actuation of the sleeve through the instrumentality of the shaft thrust; vof a pair of spaced disks, one being aflixed to the shaft,

spaced; disks, one being afiikedzto the shaft,

the other to :the sleeve, a ratchet housed be-' tween the disks and frictionally. engageable by the latter upon longitudinal actuation of the sleeve, a-split band circumscribing the peripheries ofthe disks and rotatable thereby, a paw-l mounted to normally' 'engage the contact with the ratchet when the annulus ratchet, and ineansto hold; the pawl'from isrotated in a1predetermineddirection. i

.device 'ofithecharacter described, the -combination with a 'shaft,;a sleeve loose on the shaft. and means to-effectlongitudinfl actuation of the sleeve through the instru mentality :ofjth'e shaftthrusttofa pairEof the other to the sleeve,la ratchethoused betweenthe disks and frictionally engageable by the'latter upon longitudinal aOlill2ttion of the sleeve, a split bandcircumscribiing theperipheries of the disksand rotatable thereby, a pawl mounted-to normally en- "gage the ratchet, the pawl being formed with a seat and means in connection with the annulus to engage said seat and-hold the pawl 1 9e from contact with theratchet when the annu'lus isrotated in a predetermined direction.

6. In-a device of the character'deseribed,

theeo'nibination of a shafta sleeve loose on the shaft and means to effect longitudinal actuation ofthe sleeve through the instrumentality of theshaft thrust; of af-pair ofv spaced complemental disks, onev being at fixed to the shaft, the other to the sleeve, aratchet intermediate the disks and frictionally engageable by the latter upon'longituing in the band andnormally engaging the band and the free extremity of the pawl to hold the latter from contact with the ratchet when the split band isjactuated a predete'rmined direction.

affixed to the shaft, a sleeve loose on the.

shaft and engaged by the collar to be thrust longitudinally of the shaft when-the latter" is'revolved in one direction, aip'air of spaced disks. one beingiafiixed to r the sleeve, the other to the shaft, a ratchet loosely mounted intermediatethe'disksftobe clampedthere between when the sleeve is thrustlongitndinally of the shaft. a pawl mountedfor. en-

7 ratchet and coaeting means between the'split Ina device of the character described 7. The combination of a shaft, of a collar,

gagement; withthe ratchet, anannuluscir- 1 cumscribing the peripheriesofthedisksand; it i I frictionallv operable thereby and means to; position; the pawl in disengaged relation with'respe'ct to theratchet when the annu-= lus is rotated in one direction. 7

8. The combination ofa shaft, of a collar aflixed to the shaft, a sleeve loose on the shaft and engagedby the collar tobe thrust 106 dinal actuation of the'sleeve, a split band;

longitmlinally of the shaft when the latter is revolved in one direction, a pair of spaced disks. one being atlixed to the sleeve, the other to the shait't, a ratchet loosely mounted intermediate the disks to be clamped there between when the sleeve is thrust longitudinally of the shatt, a panlimounted for engagement witli'the ratchet, a split band circm-nscribing the peripheriesof the disks and 'tt'rictionally operable thereby, the band and pawl cooperating to effect disengagement of the'pawl when said band is rotated in one direction.

The combination of a shaft, of a collar afiixed to the shaft,-a sleeve loose on the shaft and engaged by the collar to be thrust dine-11y of "the shaft, a split band circumsc-ribing the peripheries of the disks and frictionall operable thereby, one extremity of the band cooperating with a notch formed in the pawl to position the pawl in disen: gaged relation with respect to the ratchet when the band is rotated in one direction.

ELMER ,D. CUMMINGS. 

